Smartphone Addiction In Adolescents Research Articles

Smartphone Addiction and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents: Chicken or the Egg

Smartphone Addiction and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents: Chicken or the Egg

The Relationship between Sleep Quality and Smartphone Addiction among Adolescents

Introduction: Technological developments have increased the usage of mobile equipment. Using a smartphone became a part of life and accentuated its usage day after day especially in adolescent groups. Aim: The study was aimed to examine the relationship between sleep quality and smartphone addiction of adolescents. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 1192 high school students between March and June 2019. Data were collected with the Personal Information Form, “Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index”, “Smartphone Addiction Scale”. The data were evaluated through percentile distributions, means, independent samples t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analyses. Results: The mean age of adolescents was determined to be 15.79 ± 0.96, with the mean total score of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index was 6.05 ± 3.04 and the Smartphone Addiction Scale was 36.01 ± 10.82. Statistically significant differences were observed among adolescents concerning gender, grade, daily smartphone usage duration, internet accessibility, and the use of smartphones before bedtime, impacting both sleep quality and smartphone addiction (p < 0.05). A positive and meaningful correlation was found between sleep quality and smartphone addiction in adolescents (p < 0.05). Conclusion: As the smartphone addiction increases, sleep quality decreases. Adequate sleep is crucial during the growth spurt period. It is evaluated that early diagnosis and prevention of smartphone addiction in adolescents could make a significant contribution to the protection and promotion of adolescent health.

The Impact of Family Functioning Factors on Smartphone Addiction and Phubbing among Muslim Adolescents in Thailand

Background: While there is research on protective factors against smartphone addiction (SA) and phubbing, which impact adolescents’ physical, psychological, interpersonal, and academic well-being, focused studies on these issues among Thai Muslim students in Southern Thailand remain scarce. Objectives: To bridge this gap, this research aimed to explore the influence of five family functioning factors—discipline, communication and problem-solving (CPS), relationship, emotional status, and family support—guided by family systems theory and the McMaster Model, on SA and phubbing. Methods: Data from 825 Thai Muslim adolescent secondary school students (Female N = 459 (55.7%), Mage = 15.11 ± 1.78) across three southern Thai provinces were analyzed utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: Significant connections were identified between family functioning factors, particularly emotional status and discipline, and SA, and their impact on phubbing behavior. SA was found to mediate the relationship between these two family factors and phubbing. Interestingly, a higher quality of family relationships was found to be associated with an increased risk of SA, while the other two family functions—CPS and family support—demonstrated no significant association with these digital behaviors. Conclusions: Despite its limitations, including a cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reports, the study underscores the importance of specific family functions in preventing and addressing adolescent SA and phubbing.

Psychometric Review of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (EAS - IC) in Peruvian Adolescents

The excessive use of smartphones has raised concerns about their impact on psychological and social well-being. This study developed and validated the Smartphone Addiction Scale (EAS - IC) in Peruvian adolescents. Three dimensions were examined: Smartphone Hobby, Frustration Tolerance, Interpersonal Relationships and Social Perception. A total of 1012 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years were included. Analyses showed that all items met homogeneity and validity criteria. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicated good fit for the original model and for gender groups. However, no overall factor was found, suggesting that the dimensions are independent. The alpha and omega coefficients showed good reliability for all dimensions and sex groups. The scale provides a valid and reliable tool to measure smartphone addiction in Peruvian adolescents, with direct scores and established percentiles. It highlights the importance of addressing this problem in the Peruvian context and adapting measurement tools to better understand its psychological and social implications. This study contributes to the development of instruments adapted to specific cultural contexts, addressing the need to better explore and understand smartphone addiction, especially among adolescents, a population vulnerable to its effects.

A Case Study of the Experience of Adolescent Smartphone Addiction Prevention Education

A Case Study of the Experience of Adolescent Smartphone Addiction Prevention Education

Parental Phubbing and Adolescent Smartphone Addiction: Depression and Perceived School Climate Matter.

This study investigated the association between parental phubbing and adolescents' smartphone addiction, the mediating role of depression, and the moderating role of perceived school climate in the association. Seven hundred forty-two Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.97, SD = 0.64, 45.55 percent female) were recruited and self-reported questionnaires were administered. Results indicated that parental phubbing was positively associated with adolescents' smartphone addiction. Depression partially mediated the above relation. Further, perceived school climate moderated the relation between parental phubbing and depression, such that the positive association between parental phubbing and depression was stronger among adolescents who perceived their school climate as more negative (vs. positive). The findings deepened our understanding of the relation between parenting behaviors and adolescents' smartphone addiction and implications for interventions and practices were discussed.

Relationship between smartphone addiction, loneliness, and depression in adolescents: A correlational structural equation modeling study

PurposeThis study was aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction, loneliness, and depression in adolescents. Design and methodsThis study was designed in a correlational-cross-sectional-descriptive model and was conducted with 1041 adolescents attending high schools in a provincial center in Eastern Turkey. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a personal information form, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version for Adolescents, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale. ResultsThe average scores for smartphone addiction were found to be higher among females, individuals with low academic success, and those with a high-income level. Similarly, the average scores for loneliness were higher among individuals residing in broken families and those with parents who have limited literacy. Additionally, the mean scores for depression were higher among individuals with low academic success and those with a high-income level. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between the duration of smartphone use and levels of smartphone addiction, loneliness, and depression. ConclusionSmartphone addiction, loneliness, and depression were found to be prevalent above the moderate level in adolescents. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between the depression and loneliness scores of adolescents. Practice implicationsPediatric and school nurses should assess children's phone use. Nurses are well-positioned to establish a follow-up program aimed at monitoring adolescents' efforts in managing smartphone use, offering continuous support, and providing guidance when necessary. The implementation of such programs enables prompt intervention in addressing any arising issues.

Longitudinal relationship between parental and adolescent smartphone addiction: serial mediating effects of adolescent self-esteem and depression

PurposeThis study longitudinally investigated the predictors and mediators of adolescent smartphone addiction by examining the impact of parental smartphone addiction at T1 on adolescent smartphone addiction at T3, as well as the separate and sequential role of adolescent self-esteem and depression at T2 as mediating factors.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a hierarchical regression and the PROCESS macro (Model 6) to investigate research model by collecting 3,904 parent-adolescent pairs. Panel data were collected from three waves of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS).FindingsFirst, the result showed that parental smartphone addiction at T1 significantly and positively predicted adolescent smartphone addiction at T3. Second, the serial mediation analysis revealed that the impact of parental smartphone addiction at T1 on adolescent smartphone addiction at T3 was mediated by adolescent self-esteem and depression at T2 independently and serially.Originality/valueThe findings enhance our comprehension of the impact of parental smartphone addiction, adolescent self-esteem and depression, on adolescent smartphone addiction.

The Relationship Between Harsh Parenting and Smartphone Addiction Among Adolescents: Serial Mediating Role of Depression and Social Pain.

With the increasing prevalence of smart phones, adolescent smartphone addiction has garnered significant attention from researchers. Previous studies have revealed that smartphone addiction is associated with various internalization and externalization problems. Therefore, this present study aims to investigate the risk factors contributing to adolescent smartphone addiction. Study 1 recruited a sample of 540, 690, and 470 Chinese students aged between 10-17 years for exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and predictive validity analysis of the social pain scale. Study 2 utilized data from a sample of 718 Chinese students aged between 10-17 years to examine the measurement model used revised social pain scale, smartphone addiction scale, harsh parenting scale, and depression sub-scale. The present study revealed that (1)The Social Pain Scale had good applicability in Chinese adolescents; (2) There were significant, positive correlations among harsh parenting, smartphone addiction, depression and social pain; (3) Social pain and depression played a partially serial mediating role in the relationship between harsh parenting and smartphone addiction, and similarly the relationship between paternal harsh parenting and smartphone addiction, while a completely serial mediating role in the relationship between maternal harsh parenting and smartphone addiction. This study provides a direct path (improving parenting style) and an indirect path (reducing social pain to reduce depression) regarding interventions for adolescents with smartphone addiction, and establishes a basis for improving the situation of adolescent smartphone addiction.

스마트폰 과의존이 공격성에 미치는 영향: 그릿의 매개효과

The purpose of this study was conducted to test mediating effects of grit in the relationship between smartphone overdependence and aggression in adolescents. The data of 2,275 in the Year 4 of the Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) 2018 were analyzed. The analyzed data was subjected to technical statistical analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis using the SPSS 25.0 program. The results of this study are as follows. First, smartphone overdependence and Aggression showed a positive correlation, grit and Aggression showed a negative correlation. The purpose of this study was
 conducted to test mediating effects of grit in the relationship between aggression and smartphone addiction in adolescents. These results discussed practical interventions in the development of educational programs and promotion activities that Considering grit, can be mediated by trigger and protect factors to lower overuse of smartphone overdependence and level of aggression.

Hubungan Smartphone Addiction Dengan Kualitas Tidur Pada Remaja di SMK Muhammadiyah 7 Malang

Most smartphone users are teenagers, excessive smartphone use can cause smartphone addiction. Smartphone addiction in teenagers can result in disturbed sleep quality. This study aims to determine the relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep quality in adolescents at SMK Muhamamadiyah 7, Malang Regency. The research design uses analytical observation with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study was 100 students. The inclusion criteria in this study were students aged between 12 and 14 years and were willing to be respondents, while the exclusion criteria in this study were teenagers who were absent or sick while conducting the research. The number of samples obtained in this research was 80 students, samples were taken using purposive sampling technique. The independent variable is smartphone addiction, the dependent variable is sleep quality. The instruments used were a smartphone addiction scale questionnaire sheet and The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire sheet. Data analysis used the Spearman test. The results of this study show that the majority of respondents have smartphone addiction in the high category (31%). Most respondents had poor sleep quality (61.3%). There is a relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep quality in teenagers at SMK Muhamadiyah 7, Malang Regency (p-value= 0.002). Future research can conduct research on other factors that can influence smartphone addiction and sleep quality.

Patterns of smartphone addiction in adolescents and their association with multiple ecological factors: A latent profile analysis

Smartphones are a ubiquitous means of communication and entertainment, and adolescents are at risk of becoming addicted to their use. The purpose of the current study was to identify latent profiles of adolescent smartphone addiction and to test whether these profiles could be predicted by factors in the multiple contexts of family (parent-adolescent attachment, parental monitoring), peers (deviant peer affiliation, peer relationships), and school (teacher-adolescent relationships, school bonding). Participants were 554 students (45.8 % girls, aged 11–17 years) from two middle schools in Changsha, China. The latent profile analysis revealed three smartphone addiction patterns: “low smartphone addiction group” (52.1%), “moderate smartphone addiction group” (35.7%), and “high smartphone addiction group” (12.2%). Members of the three profiles differed in parent-adolescent attachment and deviant peer affiliation. Specifically, compared to the low smartphone addiction group, adolescents who perceived low parent-adolescent attachment were more likely to be in the high smartphone addiction group, while adolescents who perceived higher deviant peer affiliation were more likely to belong to the moderate and high smartphone addiction group. The current study is the first to identify patterns of adolescent smartphone addiction in relation to multiple ecological factors, and the results may inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies.

Optimizing the Role of the Family in Prevention Teen Smartphone Addiction through Psychoeducation Smartphone Addiction to Parents

The use of smartphones is a major need at this time, especially for teenagers, but excessive use can have a negative impact, one of which is becoming addicted to smartphones. This is allegedly sourced from problems in the relationship between parents and children as well as the lack of warm communication in the family. This PkM aims to increase parent's comprehension of smartphone addiction in children, especially teenagers and to be able to describe the role of the family in preventing the emergence of smartphone addiction. This PkM activity uses the lecture method in the form of hybrid seminars (online and offline) providing psychoeducation to parents regarding early detection of smartphone addiction and optimizing the role of the family in preventing smartphone addiction in adolescents accompanied by questions and answers, and evaluation. The results showed that there was an increase in parental knowledge in the very good and good (52%) and sufficient (24%) categories. Optimizing the role of the family, in this case, parents as educators, helps maximize the relationship and communication between parents and children to prevent smartphone addiction in adolescents.

How Does Trait Mindfulness Weaken the Effects of Risk Factors for Adolescent Smartphone Addiction? A Moderated Mediation Model.

As a psychological resource of individuals, trait mindfulness is valuable in facilitating individuals to maintain attention intensity, increase efficiency, and alleviate stress and depression. It can also buffer against the risk factors of addictive behaviors. However, applied research combining trait mindfulness and smartphone addiction with the use of psychological resources is relatively scarce and needs further examination. We constructed a moderated mediation model based on compensatory Internet use and conservation of resources theory (OCR) to examine the effects of social anxiety on adolescent smartphone addiction and to describe how trait mindfulness "works" and "in what contexts it works better". We analyzed 1570 adolescent subjects through a multistage stratified sampling method. Our findings revealed that social anxiety positively predicted smartphone addiction, while trait mindfulness was negatively associated with it. Furthermore, trait mindfulness mitigated smartphone addiction by reducing social anxiety, suggesting a mediating effect of social anxiety on this relationship. Meanwhile, the mediating effect was more pronounced among adolescents with left-behind experience; we found that left-behind experience partially moderated the relationship between social anxiety and smartphone addiction. Adolescents with left-behind experience had more significant compensatory media use with a higher risk of smartphone addiction. This study highlights the potential protective role of trait mindfulness in the development and maintenance of adolescent smartphone addiction. It provides empirical support for applying resource conservation theory and stress buffering theory in this context.

How does smartphone addiction affect the lives of adolescents socially and academically?: a systematic review study

ABSTRACT Today, adolescents tend to accept smartphones more quickly than adults and spend more time with these devices since they are members of the first generation born and living in environments where smartphones and the internet are common. However, when they use smartphones excessively and become addicted to smartphones, this may cause them to suffer from various psychological, emotional, and physical health problems from an early age. Therefore, this study systematically examines the articles on smartphone addiction in adolescents. For this purpose, the related articles were screened using the Web of Science database and 188 studies by the search criteria were subjected to a systematic review. In this sense, methodological tendencies, variables and main findings of the studies included in the present study were examined. This study revealed that the quantitative research method was primarily used. The studies mainly investigated smartphone use, social relations, demographic characteristics, depression, personal characteristics, and sleep variables. Moreover, the studies were primarily conducted in China, and large sample groups were preferred. The factors that triggered the smartphone addiction of adolescents were family problems, and especially females were more addicted to smartphones than males. Moreover, smartphone addiction causes depressive symptoms, sleep problems, and decreased academic achievement in adolescents. Finally, various suggestions were presented based on the findings of this study.

Smartphone Addiction and Sleep Status in Adolescents during COVID-19 Pandemic

Aim: This descriptive study investigated smartphone addiction and daytime sleepiness in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The sample consisted of 1001 adolescents living in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ), and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (for Adolescents) (SAS-SV). The data were analyzed using descriptive, comparative, and correlational statistics. Results: Most participants stated that they had spent much more time on their smartphones since the pandemic (87.2%). More than half of the participants noted that they had been on their smartphones for more than 90 minutes daily (63.1%). Less than half of the participants said they spent most of their time on Instagram (44.8%). More than half of the participants reported daytime sleepiness (55.7%). Less than half of the participants had a moderate-level sleep status (44.8%). There was a positive correlation between CASQ “sleep in school” and “sleep in the evening” subscale scores. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents are at high risk of smartphone addiction, affecting daytime sleepiness. Therefore, we need interventions to reduce the risk of psychological problems and daytime sleepiness in adolescents.

Parent-child relationship and smartphone addiction in adolescents: Are there gender differences?

Parent-child relationship and smartphone addiction in adolescents: Are there gender differences?

스마트폰 과의존이 청소년의 주의력 결핍에 미치는 영향 －수면의 질과 우울의 연속다중매개효과를 중심으로－

청소년들의 스마트폰 과의존과 우울, 수면의 질, 주의력결핍과 같은 다양한 심리정서적 어려움 간의 관계에 대해 많은 연구가 있었지만, 스마트폰 과의존과 주의력결핍과의 관계, 우울이나 수면의 질이 이 관계를 매개하는지의 여부 등에 대한 것은 알려진 것이 적다. 이에 본 연구에서는 청소년의 스마트폰 과의존과 주의력 결핍의 관계에 영향을 미치는 다양한 변수들 중 우울과 수면의 질의 다중매개효과를 살펴봄으로써, 기저에 있는 메커니즘을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국아동청소년패널 2018 초4패널의 3차년도 총 2,364명의 데이터(학교급 초등학교 6학년)를 가지고 다중매개효과 분석을 하였다. 연구결과, 스마트폰 과의존은 청소년의 주의력 결핍을 야기하는 것으로 나타났다. 스마트폰 과의존은 수면의 질을 저하하고, 저하된 수면의 질은 주의력 결핍을 불러일으킨다. 한편 스마트폰 과의존은 우울을 증가시키는 경향이 있으며, 우울의 매개효과를 거쳐 주의력 결핍을 증가시킨다. 이들 관계를 종합하면, 스마트폰 과의존은 수면의 질 저하를 거쳐 우울을 증가시키고, 그 결과 주의력 결핍을 증가시키고 있었다. 이렇듯 본 연구의 결과는 청소년의 스마트폰 과의존과 우울, 수면의 질, 주의력 결핍과 같은 심리정서적 어려움간의 복합적인 관계를 증명하고 있다. 이를 바탕으로 청소년들의 스마트폰 과의존에 관한 근본적이고 종합적인 예방과 치료가 이들의 주의력 결핍, 수면의 질, 우울 문제 해결을 위한 방안 중 하나로 고려되어야 하는 필요성이 확인되었다.

청소년의 내현적 자기애와 스마트폰 중독과의 관계

Objectives This study aimed to verify Mutiple mediating effect of intrusive rumination, and deliberate rumination in the relationship between covert narcissism and smartphone addiction in adolescents.
 Methods To this end, 457 people were collected by conducting online/offline surveys targeting youths across the country. The normality distribution of the research model was confirmed through kurtosis and skewness, and the relationship between variables was confirmed through correlation analysis. Mutiple mediating effects of intrusive rumination and deliberate rumination were analyzed using the parallel multimodal mediator model (model 4) of SPSS 18.0 and PROCESS macro for SPSS version 4.1
 Results First, It was found that covert narcissism had a significant effect on smartphone addiction. Second, In this study, as a result of verifying the multi-mediating effect of intrusive rumination and deliberate rumination, which are mediating variables, intrusive rumination was found to mediate the relationship between covert narcissism and smartphone addiction, but deliberate rumination did not mediate the relationship between covert narcissism and smartphone addiction in adolescents.
 Conclusions Based on this, we tried to provide basic data to prevent youth's smartphone addiction, establish countermeasures, and intervene.

Smartphone Addiction and Sleep Quality in Adolescents

Objective: To determine the frequency of smartphone addiction and poor sleep in high school adolescents and to evaluate the relationship between phone addiction and sleep, together with demographic characteristics.
 Methods: A face-to-face survey was applied to 730 high school students in the Kahta district of Adıyaman, Turkey, between November 2021 and January 2022. The Smartphone Addiction Inventory-Short Form (SPAI-SF) was used to assess smartphone addiction, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality.
 Results: The rate of smartphone addiction in adolescents was 41%, and poor sleep quality was 61%. When smartphone addiction increases, sleep quality decreases, and when sleep quality decreases smartphone addiction increases. Smartphone addiction and poor sleep quality were higher in girls compared to boys. As the parents’ education level and family income increase, the level of addiction increases, but sleep quality remain the same. We found that as age increases, the risk of smartphone addiction and the risk of deterioration in sleep quality increase.
 Conclusion: Smartphone addiction and poor sleep quality trigger each other in a vicious circle. The COVID-19 pandemic may have made smartphone addiction the most common addiction in the world. This addiction can increase the risk of substance addiction by impairing the quality of sleep in adolescents and lead to many physical, social, and mental problems. A multidisciplinary approach is vital for solving the problem.